Dialysis is primarily a medical process which is performed routinely in case of kidney failures to remove excess water, solutes and toxins from the blood which the failed kidneys cannot filter out through natural process. It is based on the scientific principle of osmosis of solutes from a higher concentration to a lower concentration across a semi permeable membrane. It is essentially of two types – haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The former process purifies the blood by exporting the blood outside a body through the equipment body consisting of a semi permeable membrane through an external filter called dialyzer. The blood from the body flows out in one direction and the dialysate, which is another blood like chemical component flows in the opposite. The counter-current produced by such a process induces the flow of the blood and dialysate maximizes the concentration gradient of solutes between the human blood and dialysate. This helps to remove the urea and undesired impurities from the blood based on the principle of osmosis and concentration gradient. The peritoneal dialysis helps the removal of wastes and water from the blood inside the body using the peritoneum as a natural semipermeable membrane.